- Proposed
- Under Assessment
- VUPreliminary Assessed
- 4Assessed
- 5Published
Dermocybe cistoadelpha G. Moreno, Pöder, Kirchm., Esteve-Rav. & Heykoop
- Scientific name
- Dermocybe cistoadelpha
- Author
- G. Moreno, Pöder, Kirchm., Esteve-Rav. & Heykoop
- Common names
- IUCN Specialist Group
Mushroom, Bracket and Puffball- Kingdom
- Fungi
- Phylum
- Basidiomycota
- Class
- Agaricomycetes
- Order
- Agaricales
- Family
- Cortinariaceae
- Assessment status
- Preliminary Assessed
- Preliminary Category
- VU C2a(i) (possibly C1 or even A4, to be checked)
- Proposed by
- Susana C. Gonçalves
- Assessors
- Susana C. Gonçalves, Vasco Fachada, Susana P. Cunha, Carlos Vila-Viçosa, João Silva
- Comments etc.
- Ahmed Abdel-Azeem, Anders Dahlberg
Assessment Notes
VU- C2a, C1 (if 10 % decline- likely), maybe A4 if > 30 5 decline.
Susana Cunha - There are 5 occurrences on GBIF, 2 correspond to the same voucher specimen (type, AH 18359). And another 2 have no location or date information. So we can only be sure of 2 distinct observations from GBIF. I also checked mushroom observer and iNaturalist but there are no records. Not sure if there is more unpublished information >> Su - Fachada et al. 2023
The species may be very rare, with a small population and even restricted to the Iberian Peninsula, but with so few records and since we need more information on habitat requirements to help determine threats I think the most appropriate category may be DD, with the need for further research and targeted search efforts.V. F.- Not only this species is seemingly extremely rare, as their habitats are seriously threatened by increasingly violent wildfires.
One of the few known localities this species is known from, has been recently burned extensively. The entire region of occurrence in the southwest Iberian Peninsula has suffered from similar fires, resulting in more than 1300 hectares burnt.
(https://www.euronews.com/2023/08/08/portugal-wildfires-hundreds-of-firefighters-tackle-blaze-in-odemira).
The tendency for habitat loss by forest fires is likely to continue increasing, given climate warming.
Su - Given Vasco’s data, including the absence of the species in environmental samples and the very obvious threat of fire, it might be prudent to assess it as a threatened species (with a recommendation to to search for it in other areas of suitable habitat)?CVV- I agree this species deserve special attention and a threatened category. It’s clear it was described in biogeographically associated areas related to the relictual Quercus canariensis forests from the Iberian Southwest (Vila-Viçosa et. al. 2015; Vila-Viçosa et. al. 2020)... Both southern registers (Aracena and Monchique) correspond exactly to the exact geographic locations of these marcescent forests, mixed with Q. suber, normally above siliceous bedrock (Vila-Viçosa et. al. 2015). Furthermore, the location from Villuercas in Canamero correspond to the same thermophilic environment whereas several relictual species/lineages are reported in lauroid environments that correspond to the natural fringes of these Q. canariensis, Q. faginea and Q. suber forests (Tan et. al. 2022). The climatic envelope of Q. canariensis and its secondary forest of Q. suber is heavily threatened by climate change and will exactly loose its climatic suitability in the inner and central areas of the Iberian Peninsula, like Aracena and Extremadura-Ciudad-Real (Vila-Viçosa, 2023).
VF- I believe I have found 3 more records by credited mycologists. The habitat continues to have Quercus suber as the common potential partner. One is from southeast Portugal and one other is from southwest Spain. I am working to obtain confirmation of the ID, coordinates and a date on these additional records.
Justification
Dermocybe cistoadelpha is a seemingly very rare species, related with a peculiar and relict type of forest and restricted to the Iberian Southwest.
Taxonomic notes
Dermocybe cistoadelpha was originally described in 1997 by Moreno et al. based on its distinctive morphology and pigments, and later confirmed using molecular data by Niskanen et al. (2012). It is sometimes referred to as Cortinarius cistoadelphus, though this name is not currently included in Species Fungorum.
VF- Since Liimatainen et al. 2022 (10.1007/s13225-022-00499-9), Cortinariaceae have been formally split in several genera, amongst which there is Cortinarius ss.str., where subgenus Dermocybe belongs.
Why suggested for a Global Red List Assessment?
Vasco Fachada - Not only this species is seemingly extremely rare, as their habitats are seriously threatened by increasingly violent wildfires.
One of the few known localities this species is known from, has been recently burned extensively. The entire region of occurrence in the southwest Iberian Peninsula has suffered from similar fires, resulting in more than 1300 hectares burnt.
(https://www.euronews.com/2023/08/08/portugal-wildfires-hundreds-of-firefighters-tackle-blaze-in-odemira).The tendency for habitat loss by forest fires is likely to continue increasing, given climate warming.
Geographic range
VF- The species is apparently confined to the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, with records in the Extremadura and Andaluzia regions of Spain (GBIF.org, 2023), as well as in Odemira, Portugal (unpublished record by Vasco Fachada).
VF- This apparently extremely rare species is confined to southwestern Iberian Peninsula with 3 fully verifiable occurrences.
There are no further sequences corresponding the the 1% species hypothesis (SH1809526.09FU) found from neither GenBank, UNITE nor PlutoF databases. Given the extent of environment sampling in the Mediterranean Europe and North Africa, we can infer that this species is definitely not common and it is possibly limited to the southwestern Iberian Peninsula.JS- To the untrained eye, Cortinarius cistoadelphus may be miss identified as simply C. sanguineus s.l., to which group it indeed belongs. Still, C. cistoadelphus can be separated from most species within the latter group by its blood-red lamellae in combination with its sharp yellow color in upper third of the stipe. These characters however may not be enough to separate C. cistoadelphus from C. purpureus. In order to separate these two species, one has to resort to spore shape and more importantly, the ecology. While C. cistoadelpha is a meridional termophilic species associated with Iberian oaks, C. purpureus is a more northern species, widespread in Northern and Central Europe as well as North America, associated with conifers and having significantly narrower spores.
The fact that there are no verifiable records of C. sanguineus or C. purpureus in the habitats native to C. cistoadelpha, is suggestive that no collections of the latter species has been misidentified as the former two species.
Population and Trends
There are only three confirmed independent records for this species, from 1994 (type), 1997(MA-Fungi 40455) and 2023 (pictures above, genbank OR511444). Two more occurrences are published in GBIF.org for Spain, but no location or data are provided.
Population Trend: Uncertain
Habitat and Ecology
Moreno et al. (1997) described the species as scattered and gregarious, often in clusters in acid, sandy soil, in Cistus ladanifer brushwoods. However, this association has not been confirmed and specimens from Portugal (unpublished record by Silva, Vila-Viçosa & Fachada) were not found in association with Cistus, but rather in the understory of native oak (Quercus spp.) species (primarily Q. suber and Q. canariensis, but also Q. faginea).
The species records occur in the understory of mixed thermophilic forests of Quercus canariensis and Q. suber of the Iberian Southwest above siliceous bedrock (normally schists, but also granits). Its biogeographic outreach is an important factor to explain its scarce number of registers and the species seems to be linked with paleoclimatic features related with known thermophilic and more humid areas, that keep paleoclimatic relicts like Q. canariensis, Prunus lusitanica, Rhododendron ponticum, among others.
Threats
Forest management, favoring Eucalyptus globulus cultivation, as result of a deficient spatial and territorial management, with recurrence of cycle wildfires and regression of native old-growth forest-patches.
Conservation Actions
Included in Andaluzia list of species under special protection (Raya and Moreno, 2018).
Research needed
Further search efforts and research into its habitat preferences are needed to better establish the distribution of this species, determine whether it is exclusive to the Iberian Peninsula and estimate population size and potential threats.
Use and Trade
Bibliography
Tan, Y. P., Bishop-Hurley, S. L., Shivas, R. G., Cowan, D. A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Maharachchikumbura, S. S., ... & Crous, P. W. (2022). Fungal Planet description sheets: 1436–1477. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi.
Vila-Viçosa C. 2023. Natural History, Biogeography and Evolution of the Iberian white oak Syngameon (Quercus L. Sect. Quercus). PhD, University of Porto Porto.
Vila-Viçosa, C., Vázquez, F. M., Mendes, P., Del Rio, S., Musarella, C., Cano-Ortiz, A., & Meireles, C. (2015). Syntaxonomic update on the relict groves of Mirbeck’s oak (Quercus canariensis Willd. and Q. marianica C. Vicioso) in southern Iberia. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 149(3), 512-526.
Vila-Viçosa C, Gonçalves J, Honrado J, Lomba Â, Almeida RS, Vázquez FM, Garcia C. 2020b. Late Quaternary range shifts of marcescent oaks unveil the dynamics of a major biogeographic transition in southern Europe. Scientific reports 10(1): 1-12.
