There is sufficient evidence to indicate that this species should be evaluated as Least Concern

Mainly a northern temperate species, possibly also boreal. AFRICA: South Africa. ASIA: Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan (Aktyubinskaya oblast), Pakistan. EUROPE: Belarus, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, former Czechoslovakia, former Yugoslavia. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (New Jersey, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia).

More than 200 records since at least 1852 and up to at least January 2008. Observed in every month of the year except February and November. Trends not known. Estimated extent of occurrence [calculated using http://geocat.kew.org]. 14•7 million km2 (Africa: insufficient data; Asia: 9•2 million km2; Europe: 3•2 million km2; North America: 1•8 million km2). Estimated area of occupancy [calculated using http://geocat.kew.org]. About 108 km2. The method for estimating area of occupancy has produced an artificially low figure. The species is likely to be under-recorded particularly in recent years because of the small and declining numbers of people with the skills to search for and identify it. Many of the plants with which it is associated are common and widespread species.

Known to be associated with the following animal species: Oryctolagus cuniculus (L., 1758).

Known to be associated with the following plant species: Acer pseudoplatanus L.; Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Jacquem.) Hook. f.; Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC., Alnus sp.; Arbutus andrachne L.; Carpinus betulus L. (twig), C. orientalis Mill., Carpinus sp.; Castanea sativa Mill. [as C. vesca Gaertn.], Castanea sp.; Cornus sanguinea L.; Corylus avellana L. (twig); Crataegus sp. [as C. oxyacantha L.] (twig); Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link; Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schltdl.; Fagus sp.; Fraxinus excelsior L. (branch, wood), Fraxinus sp.; Indigofera heterantha Brandis [as I. gerardiana Baker], Indigofera sp.; Juniperus communis L. (wood); Laurus nobilis L.; Ligustrum vulgare L.; Lonicera xylosteum L.; Morus sp.; Paliurus spina-christi P. Mill.; Pistacia vera L.; Plantae indet. (branch, wood); Populus tremula L.; Prunus spinosa L.; Quercus petraea subsp. iberica Steven ex M. Bieb. [as Quercus iberica Steven ex M. Bieb.] (twig), Quercus sp. (artefact, palings); Ribes petraeum Wulf.; Robinia pseudoacacia L. (branch); Salix caprea L., S. cinerea L. (twig), S. fragilis L., S. nigricans Sm. (twig), S. purpurea L., Salix sp. (wood); Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.; Ulmus campestris L., U. glabra Huds., U. montana Stokes, U. procera Salisb., Ulmus sp. (wood).

No specific threats have been identified

Ex situ conservation. Two sequences were found in a search of the NCBI GenBank database [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]. No living strains of this species were found in a search of the Culture Collection Information Worldwide on-line catalogue [www.wfcc.info/ccinfo/home].

AHMAD, S. Fungi of West Pakistan. Biological Society of Pakistan Monograph 5 (Supplement 1): 1-110 (1969). BELOMESYATSEVA, D.B. [as БЕЛОМЕСАЦЕВА, Д.Б.] Микобиота в Консорции Можжевельника в Беларуси [Mycobiota associated with juniper in Belarus]. 236 pp. Минск ИООО “Право и Экономика” [Minsk, “Pravo i Ekonomika”] (2004). CHLEBICKI, A. Some ascomycete fungi from primeval forests of north-eastern Poland. Acta Mycologica 40 (1): 71-94 (2005). CHLEBICKI, A. & CHMIEL, M.A. Microfungi of Carpinus betulus from Poland I. Annotated list of microfungi. Acta Mycologica 41 (2): 253-278 (2006). DUDKA, I.O., HELUTA, V.P., TYKHONENKO, Y.Y., ANDRIANOVA, T.V., HAYOVA, V.P., PRYDIUK, M.P., DZHAGAN, V.V. & ISIKOV, V.P. [as ДУДКА, І.О., ГЕЛЮТА, В.П., ТИХОНЕНКО, Ю.Я., АНДРІАНОВА, Т.В., ГАЙОВА, В.П., ПРИДЮК, М.П., ДЖАГАН, В.В. & ІСІКОВ, В.П.] Гриби Природних Зон Криму [Fungi of the Crimean Peninsula]. 452 pp., Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України [M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine] (2004). KOBAYASHI, T. Index of fungi inhabiting woody plants in Japan. Host, Distribution and Literature. Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co. Ltd, 1227 pp. (2007). MUŁENKO, W., MAJEWSKI, T. & RUSZKIEWICZ-MICHALSKA, M. A Preliminary Checklist of Micromycetes in Poland. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences 9: 752 (2008). OUDEMANS, C.A.J.A. Catalogue Raisonné des Champignons de Pays-Bas. 558 pp., KNAW, Amsterdam (1904). PETRAK, F. & SYDOW, H. Kritisch-systematische Originaluntersuchungen über Pyrenomyzeten, Sphaeropsideen und Melanconieen. Annales Mycologici 22 (3-6): 318-386 (1924). RAPPAZ, F. Anthostomella and related xylariaceous fungi on hard wood from Europe and North America. Mycologia Helvetica 7 (1): 99-168 (1995). WINKA, K. & ERIKSSON, O.E. Papulosa amerospora accommodated in a new family (Papulosaceae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) inferred from morphological and molecular data. Mycoscience 41 (}): 97-103 (2000).