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  • Under Assessment
  • NTPreliminary Assessed
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Ganoderma pfeifferi Bres.

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Scientific name
Ganoderma pfeifferi
Author
Bres.
Common names
Beeswax Bracket
Lakownica czerwonawa, lakownica Pfeiffera
Kupferroter Lackporling
IUCN Specialist Group
Mushroom, Bracket and Puffball
Kingdom
Fungi
Phylum
Basidiomycota
Class
Agaricomycetes
Order
Polyporales
Family
Ganodermataceae
Assessment status
Preliminary Assessed
Preliminary Category
NT A2c+3c+4c
Proposed by
Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber
Assessors
Claudia Perini, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber, Izabela L. Kalucka, Irja Saar, John Bjarne Jordal
Contributors
Veronica Spinelli, Andrea Ceci
Comments etc.
Jan Merta, James Westrip, Elias Polemis, Carolina Girometta, Anders Dahlberg

Assessment Notes

Justification

Ganoderma pfeifferi is a rare European wood-inhabiting species mostly on Quercus and Fagus confined to thermophilous broadleaved forests. These types of communities are constantly and evidently decreasing because of natural and anthropogenic reasons (i.e. area of oak forests - about 20% since 1966 (Grigorjev et al.
2000)), we can suppose past and future declining of species.
The habitat loss (past and ongoing) exceeds 15% for three generations (70 years for lignicolous fungi). The species is mainly threatened by logging, removal of coarse woody debris and deforestation and other changes of habitats and traditional landuse,i.e. clear-cutting, replacement of mosaic forests into monoculture of similar-aged stands, The scale of this habitat loss in area and quality is suspected to be 15-30% in a 50 year time span including past, present and future.
The species is therefore assessed as NT under criterion A 2,3,4 c.


Taxonomic notes

Ganoderma pfeifferi is shown to be strictly European species by Fryssouly et al. (2020). Thus, we only consider the European records of Ganoderma pfeifferi and exclude records from Australia, Indonesia and rare ones from America, because they may indeed belong to different taxa.


Why suggested for a Global Red List Assessment?

It is a rare polypore species depending on coarse woody debris in old deciduous forests.


Geographic range

This strictly European species is distributed submeridional to temperate in sub-oceanic to continental climate. In southern, western and central Europe, northwards to Denmark and southern Sweden, it is absent north of 60° latitude and east of 25° longitude. Older records from Trascaucasia are considered to be erronous following Fryssouli et al. (2020). We consider records from Australia, Indonesia and the United States to be different species.


Population and Trends

In total over 2200 records are in GBIF, but many of these could be mis-records. Since Ganoderma pfeifferi associates mostly with Quercus, and Fagus, and more rarely with other trees and these types of communities are constantly and evidently decreasing because of natural and anthropogenic reasons (i.e. area of oak forests - about 20% since 1966 (Grigorjev et al. 2000)), we can suppose past and future declining of species.
The habitat loss (past and ongoing) exceeds 15% for three generations (70 years for lignicolous fungi).

Population Trend: Decreasing


Habitat and Ecology

The species prefers warm-summer forests within the Fagus and Quercus range. It is lignicolous and grows preferentially on old still standing Fagus and Quercus trees, as well as on lying trunks and stumps. It is also found on Acer, Aesculus, Prunus, Pyrus, Salix and Ulmus. Besides its occurrence in beech and oak forests, it also likes to appear on old trees in parks.

Temperate Forest

Threats

These natural broad-leaved habitats have been going through dramatic changes in the last 100 years through either 1) Clear-cutting, replacement of mosaic forest types into monoculture of similar-aged stands (i.e. more productive forests of single tree species and/or to more uniform forest structures with less variation) or 2) removal of coarse woody debris and thus of the host substrate resulting in a change in forest structure detrimental to the species. The fruiting bodies are further readily found on planted trees, where the species can often not persist for long due to safety measures such as tree felling. Harvesting of the fruiting bodies for tea as a diet supplement could impact this species, such that it may have reduced spore dispersal potential.

Scale Unknown/UnrecordedIntentional use (species being assessed is the target)Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest]Recreational activities

Conservation Actions

The actions suggested to conserve the species are mainly focused on area/site protection from logging and restoration of habitats incl. leaving in situ of old trees and logs.

Site/area protectionResource & habitat protectionHabitat & natural process restoration

Research needed

Phylogenetic studies dealing with the Non-European material are needed to assess the actual species boundaries.

TaxonomyPopulation size, distribution & trends

Use and Trade

The species is used in the traditional Chinese medicine, with any polypore collected together to be used as a dietary supplement and exported.

Medicine - human & veterinary

Bibliography


Country occurrence

Regional Population and Trends

Country Trend Redlisted