Auricularia brasiliana was segregated from the complex A. mesenterica (currently restricted to Europe) and is characterized by resupinate to effused-reflexed basidiomata, gelatinous when fresh, solitary, or caespitose, pileus free lobed, margin undulate, upper surface usually tomentum, distinctly and concentrically zoned with wide whitish zones and thin black bands; hymenophore surface venose with folds, greyish brown to vinaceous brow when fresh and dark greyish blue to blackish blue when dry. It differs from other similar species (A. mesenterica and A. orientalis) by inflated hyphae up to 13 μm in diam. in KOH, shorter basidia 30–47×3–5 μm (Wu et al. 2015).

The species in known only in Brazil. The records in China are from Brazilian material. In SpecieLink, there are about 193 records being 21 as A.brasiliana and 109 as A. mesenterica.

There are about 200 records in Brazil, either as A. brasiliana or as A. mesenterica.

The species is found in Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga.

In Brazil, this species is moslty recorded in the Atlantic Forest, a hotspot. Also, Amazon has currently the highest rates of deforestation in the last decades, Cerrado is also a hotspot and Caatinga is threatened with desertification.

Most records in Brazil are in protected areas.

The species even occurring in all biomes has a fragmented distribution. Studies about its population distribution are needed.

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