• Proposed
  • Under Assessment
  • Preliminary Assessed
  • ENAssessed
  • Published

Xylopsora canopeorum Timdal, Reese Næsborg & Bendiksby

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Scientific name
Xylopsora canopeorum
Author
Timdal, Reese Næsborg & Bendiksby
Common names
 
IUCN Specialist Group
Lichens
Kingdom
Fungi
Phylum
Ascomycota
Class
Lecanoromycetes
Order
Umbilicariales
Family
Umbilicariaceae
Assessment status
Published
Proposed by
Rikke Reese Næsborg
Assessors
Rikke Reese Næsborg
Editors
Rebecca Yahr, Jessica Allen
Comments etc.
James Westrip

Assessment Notes

A - cannot apply without a generation length, could potentially meet a threat category threshold of population decline because of potential extirpation due to Big Basin fire

EN B2a,b(i,ii,iii,iv) - application suggested by author works well

C - requires estimate of number of individuals

D - requires estimate of number of individuals
D2 - would only place in VU category, thus EN based on B2 is more applied instead

 

Justification

AOO much smaller than 500 km2 and there are only three known locations one of which have burned since the species was recorded.  The populations are severely fragmented and a continued decline of extent, area, quality of habitat, and number of locations.


Taxonomic notes

This species was described by Bendiksby, Reese Næsborg and Timdal (2018), and the type specimen was found in Big Basin Redwoods State Park, Santa Cruz County, CA.


Why suggested for a Global Red List Assessment?

EOO = 5,893.261 km2
AOO = 24.000 km2 (current) -132 km2 (potential)
Localities = 3 (current) - 30 (potential)
Generation time = 33 years
Severely fragmented.


Geographic range

Old-growth coast redwood forest in Northern California. The species has been found in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, Armstrong Redwoods State National Reserve, and Big Basin Redwoods State Park.  It could be present in the other old-growth parks between Jedediah Smith Redwoods SP and Big Basin Redwoods SP, but this has not been verified. This would increase the AOO and the number of localities up to a maximum of around 132 km2 and 30 localities. Known EOO = 5,893.261 km2, AOO = 24.000 km2, Localities = 3


Population and Trends

The species has so far only been found on old-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) trees.

Population Trend: Decreasing


Habitat and Ecology

The species was observed on coarse, fibrous bark and occasionally on charred bark between 5 and 75 m above ground level along the trunks of large coast redwood trees (Sequoia sempervirens) in old-growth redwood forests.  It appears to have an affinity for old and stable bark surfaces on the main trunks.

Temperate Forest

Threats

Only ca. 5% of old-growth coast redwood forest are left after decades of timber harvest, so the lichen subpopulations are likely severely fragmented.  However, most old coast redwood trees are currently protected in State and National Parks.
Wildfires, which are projected to increase in frequency and severity, are the most imminent threat.  The southernmost location, Big Basin Redwoods State Park experienced a high intensity fire in 2020, and as conditions get warmer and drier, even parks in the north may experience hot, devastating fires in the future. The occurrences in Big Basin were likely, if not extirpated, then severely impacted by the fire.  Extirpation from Big Basin would result in a 97.7% reduction of EOO and a 33% reduction in AOO.

Increase in fire frequency/intensityHabitat shifting & alterationDroughts

Conservation Actions

Actions to stop climate change from getting worse is needed.

International level

Research needed

This species is difficult to get accurate knowledge about since it requires climbing of the trees to get to where it grows.  The species is too tiny to see from the ground and anatomical and chemical test need to be performed to confidently identify it.  Climbing without a research permit is strictly prohibited in all State and National Parks.
Other possible hosts could be other members of Cupressaceae that share similar bark textural characteristics to coast redwood, and these should be explored.

Population size, distribution & trends

Use and Trade

None


Bibliography


Country occurrence

Regional Population and Trends

Country Trend Redlisted