Telia and teliospores similar to those of the genus Sphenorchidium. Differs from Sphenorchidium by details of teliospores, as lack of apical wall thickenings around germ-pores and presence of oily gelatinous matrix in the telia. They can be often found in uredinial phase. In this case, the use of DNA sequences can be necessary for the identification.

This species was proposed in 1925 associated with leaves of Smilax in Guatemala. Until now, this species was reported only in species of Smilax in some countries in America. In Brazil this fungus occurs mainly in Atlantic forest and Amazon Biomes that are very threatened by deforestation. Therefore, due to the narrow host range and geographic distribution I suggest inclusion of it in the near threatened category.

The species is known in 9 countries based in Fungal database of USDA (Farr and Rossman, 2020) .

There are few reports of this fungus associated only with the plant genus Smilax, in nine countries in America. There are few studies about this fungus.

Sphenospora smilacina is a biotrophic plant pathogen and causes rust in species of Smilax. It was reported only in America countries.

In Brazil this fungus occurs mainly in Atlantic forest and Amazon Biomes that are very threatened by deforestation.  In addition presents a narrow host range and geographic distribution.

Protect and expand reserves of natural areas for the conservation of native plant species.

Broader studies on the occurrence of this fungus in biomes and population studies.