• Proposed
  • 2Under Assessment
  • 3Preliminary Assessed
  • 4Assessed
  • 5Published

Amanita silvatica Guzmán

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Scientific name
Amanita silvatica
Author
Guzmán
Common names
 
IUCN Specialist Group
Mushroom, Bracket and Puffball
Kingdom
Fungi
Phylum
Basidiomycota
Class
Agaricomycetes
Order
Agaricales
Family
Amanitaceae
Assessment status
Proposed
Proposed by
Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez
Comments etc.
Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez

Assessment Notes

Taxonomic notes

This species is characterized by its pileus convex to plane, smooth to sulcate-striate margin, subviscid, yellowish orange to pale yellow also glabrous or with scattered irregularly, yellowish floccose-membranous flat patches from volva. Annulus absent. Volva as an adhering sac showing a whitish to yellowish-orange fimbriated to lacerated margin (Guzmán, 1982)
It differs from Amanita elata (Mass.) Corner & Bass by the lack of fimbriate edges in volva, the annulus presence, pileus color (Corner & Bass, 1962).
Another similar species is Amanita chrysoleuca Pegler; it has similar color, spore size and also grow under Coccoloba sp, but differs in the bulbose base, which is covered of small yellowish scales (Pegler, 1983).


Why suggested for a Global Red List Assessment?

Amanita silvatica is an ectomycorrhizal fungi with a putative association to Coccoloba and Gymnopodium floribundum in the Mesoamerican domain of sand dunes and tropical dry forests respectively. Since the description, just four sites in Mexico are its distribution range: Campeche, Chiapas and Quintana Roo. The ecosystems in those states are highly threatened due to their high rates of forest clearing for pasture, frequent fires, and pressure from population growth (Trejo & Dirzo, 2000) also touristic activities and constructions. All of these contributed to its severe fragmentation and degradation.


Geographic range

It distributes in Mexico in sites where Coccoloba and Gymnopodium are growing: Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo; Akumal, Quintana Roo; Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas; Calakmul, Campeche.


Population and Trends

Since the description of this species, we only know four populations. Nevertheless, It is probably to find more populations associated with Coccoloba and Gymnopodium forests at Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Provence. Perhaps, it would be assessed as a rare species since throughout 39 years it had only been seen four times.

Population Trend: Uncertain


Habitat and Ecology

This species is and ectomycorrhizal fungi and its host still is unidentified; however, it is probable it forms ectomycorrhiza with Coccoloba and Gymnopodium. Coccoloba uvifera inhabits in the sand dunes and there are more Coccoloba spp. growing in the tropical dry forest of the Yucatan Penninsula; also, Gymnopodium floribundum is a common plant which forms monodominant stands in the tropical dry forest in the Southeast of Mexico.


Threats

This species was described from sand dunes of Mexican Caribbean but constantly this sand dunes are transformed into touristic stations. The global change scenarios predict in medium term, Yucatan Penninsula will be flooded, especially the closer sites to the sea.
Also, is known from tropical dry forest of Calakmul in Campeche and Tuxtla Gutiérrez in Chiapas nevertheless, this kind of forest is threatened mainly by their high deforestation rates.

Tourism & recreation areasAgro-industry grazing, ranching or farmingRecreational activitiesStorms & flooding

Conservation Actions

None


Research needed

Re-visit the sites where Amanita silvatica had reported, to monitorized the production of basidiomata in those places.
Make a research project in the Yucatan Penninsula, sampling roots to determine by PCR who are their main ectomycorrhizal hosts and produce a map of probable distribution of A. silvatica. Then, visit to the probable distribution sites to search for the basidiomata in several months of the rainy season (to report its phenology).

TaxonomyLife history & ecologyPopulation trends

Use and Trade

Unknown


Bibliography

Clark PU, Church JA, Gregory JM, Payne AJ. 2015. Recent Progress in Understanding and Projecting Regional and Global Mean Sea Level Change. Current Climate Change Reports 1: 224–246.
Corner EJH, Bas C. 1962. The genus Amanita in Singapore and Malaya. Persoonia 2: 241-304.
Guzmán G. 1982. New species of fungi from Yucatan Península. Mycotaxon 16: 249-261.
Laffoley D, Baxter JM. 2016. Explaining ocean warming: causes, scale, effects and consequences.
Pegler DN. 1983. Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 9: 1-668
Trejo I, Dirzo R. 2000. Deforestation of seasonally dry tropical forest: a national and local analysis in Mexico. Biological Conservation 94: 133-142


Country occurrence

Regional Population and Trends

Country Trend Redlisted